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Hurricane Nate Disrupts Oil Operations in the Gulf Coast

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Hurricane Nate, the most recent storm in an unforgettably violent hurricane season, made landfall twice in early October. The storm first came ashore on October 7 near the mouth of the Mississippi River in southeast Louisiana as a Category 1 hurricane, then made a second landfall in Mississippi the morning of October 8. Although Nate was considerably weaker than both Harvey and Irma, it has had a significant impact on the oil industry because of the infrastructure that fell in its path.

Hurricane Nate Progression

Oil Production

Nate’s greatest impacts on the region came in the form of crude production cuts in the Gulf of Mexico. An estimated total of approximately 1.2mn bpd of Gulf of Mexico production was shut in between October 7-8, according to Genscape’s U.S. Crude Oil Production Forecast. Production slowly rebounded since then, but approximately 800,000 bpd remained offline on October 11. By comparison, only about 300,000 bpd of Gulf of Mexico production was offline at the peak following Hurricane Harvey, with another 700,000 bpd offline in the South Texas production region. 
 
Nearly 300 platforms in the Gulf of Mexico were evacuated as of October 8 due to Nate, shutting in 93 percent of crude production in the region, according to the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement.
 

Gulf of Mexico Shut-In Prod

Refineries

Two refineries shut down entirely in preparation for Nate’s landfall: all monitored units at Chevron’s 330,000 bpd Pascagoula, MS, refinery and Phillips 66’s 247,000 bpd Alliance, LA, refinery were shut on October 6. Meanwhile, several other refineries in Louisiana remained online. Shell originally planned to cut rates at their 233,500 bpd Norco, LA, refinery, but decided it was unnecessary when forecasts shifted the path of the storm slightly east, according to Reuters.

Phillips 66 Alliance Refinery

A maximum of 563,000 bpd of monitored primary processing capacity was offline due to Nate on October 7, which paled in comparison to the 3.7mn bpd offline on August 30 due to Hurricane Harvey. However, no Louisiana refineries were affected by Harvey, with the outages occurring in Texas.

Refineries were largely spared by two factors this time around because Nate failed to escalate beyond a Category 1 storm, and many oil facilities in eastern Louisiana lie within leveed areas. In addition, Nate quickly progressed through the Gulf Coast, while Harvey spent several days over the Texas coast. 

The Phillips 66 Alliance refinery began restarting on October 9, and activity from multiple units returned to operational levels on October 11, according to Genscape’s North American Refinery Intelligence Report.
 
Early signs of restart activity have been observed at the Chevron Pascagoula refinery since the evening of October 10. The Pascagoula refinery appears to have escaped unscathed, even though storm surge in the area reached above seven feet, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Fortunately, the facility is surrounded by walls and mounding, as portions of the refinery sit at an elevation of only five feet.
 
Although Nate continued its path into the U.S. Mid-continent, operations were not hindered at any inland refineries. By the time Nate reached Kentucky and Ohio, it was classified as a Tropical Depression.
 

Pascagoula storm surge

Waterborne Movements

Waterborne shipments were also hampered by Hurricane Nate, as several waterborne ports were closed. The U.S. Coast Guard ordered port closures for New Orleans and Pascagoula on October 7, in addition to several other Gulf Coast ports, according to Reuters. The Ports of New Orleans and Pascagoula were both reopened by October 9, according to coastguardnews.com.
 
The port closures hindered crude shipments, both incoming and outgoing, as well as refined products movements. No refined products were loaded at monitored Louisiana ports from October 7- 8, but Genscape data showed that shipments averaged nearly 800,000 bpd in the three weeks prior to the port closure. This trend will likely be reflected in crude waterborne movements.
 

Refined product waterborne loadings

Gasoline Demand

Gasoline demand has also been impacted by Hurricane Nate, particularly in Louisiana, according to Genscape’s Supply Side Analyst data. Gasoline rack loadings (which represent movements to retail locations, a proxy for demand) spiked in Louisiana in the days preceding Nate’s landfall, and then fell off as the storm passed through. The spike in demand likely occurred as many residents relocated to avoid the storm. However, gasoline demand was halted when Nate flooded and obstructed many roads in the area.
 
Total motor gasoline demand in Louisiana jumped 19 percent between October 4-6 in preparation for Nate. After peaking on October 6, demand fell nearly 43 percent by October 8, dropping to the lowest daily loading volume since June 25.
 
A similar effect on gasoline demand was also observed during previous hurricanes in the Gulf Coast this year. During Harvey and Irma, gasoline demand climbed to abnormal levels before plummeting once the storms hit in Texas and Florida, respectively.
 

Louisiana Gasoline Rack Liftings

Hurricane Implications

The onslaught of hurricanes in the Atlantic Basin this year has bombarded daily operations across the oil industry. However, the impact of each hurricane has been unique based on the storm’s path and what oil-related infrastructure was jeopardized.

Hurricane Harvey took its biggest toll on crude demand, as refinery shutdowns along the Texas Gulf Coast overshadowed hampered supply. Hurricane Nate had the opposite outcome, as platform evacuations in the Gulf of Mexico significantly impaired domestic production, while only two refineries ceased operations.

In all cases during the 2017 hurricane season, the transportation of crude was disrupted, hindering barrels from getting to market. Waterborne shipments were blocked by port closures and, in extreme cases, pipelines were shut down.

The hurricane season peaked on September 10 and will be winding down until its official end on November 30, according to NOAA. Though the season is coming to an end, Hurricane Nate has effectively demonstrated the ramifications that even a Category 1 storm can send through the industry. With more than a month left in the 2017 hurricane season, early and accurate information is pivotal in understanding and properly mitigating future and ongoing storm impacts.

Genscape's U.S. Crude Oil Production Forecast shares exceptional accuracy and advanced notice of market fundamentals. This includes detailed oil production forecasts and frequent quick updates on production forecast taking into account gas and crude oil price changes. To learn more about Genscape's U.S. Crude Oil Production Forecast please click here.

Genscape's North American Refinery Intelligence Service combines observations obtained from infrared cameras with in-house analytical and technological expertise to provide an unrivaled view into near-real-time operations at U.S. and Canadian refineries. The service provides subscribers with insight into supply and demand with information on intra-day changes in the status of product-specific units at refineries. To learn more about Genscape's North American Refinery Intelligence Service, or to request a free trial, please click here

Genscape's Supply Side Monitor and Analyst provides insight into PADD and rack city-related volumes and average prices for the wholesale transactions of refined products. This includes daily prices and volume data on both Gasoline and Distillates product groupings at each rack-city location, and volume data at the PADD level. To learn more, or to request a trial of Genscape's Supply Side Monitor and Analyst, please click here.


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